Scalable and Ambient-Air Processing of Printed Perovskite PV Modules

The transition of perovskite photovoltaics from lab-scale demonstrations to industrially
viable products hinges on one critical factor: scalability. In this work, we are pioneering a
fully printed fabrication approach that redefines the path toward high-throughput, low-
impact solar module manufacturing. This talk presents a streamlined process in which all
functional layers—perovskite absorber, charge transport materials, and electrodes—are
deposited via scalable printing techniques, including blade coating, slot-die coating, and
screen printing.
By integrating low-temperature carbon-based electrodes, we explore multiple device
architectures ranging from HTL-free designs to those employing both organic and
inorganic hole transport layers. Additionally, we implement interfacial engineering
strategies with passivating layers and 2D perovskite structures to enhance charge
separation, reduce recombination, and improve stability.
The modules achieve high efficiency with excellent operational stability (T₈₀ > 1000 h @
MPP), all while addressing key sustainability concerns such as gold usage and energy
input. The process is supported by materials engineering strategies—including additive
engineering and phase-stable crystallization—that enable ambient-air fabrication without
compromising performance.
The results demonstrate that fully printed perovskite technology is not only technically
viable but also industrially compelling, setting the stage for next-generation photovoltaic
solutions tailored for both outdoor and indoor applications.

“This research was financed by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme, through a FET Proactive research and innovation action under grant agreement No. 101084124 (DIAMOND) and by “Sun2Fork” funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research within the framework of the EU Horizon Europe Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA).”