Copper ink and electrically conductive adhesives for future PV production

Copper ink and electrically conductive adhesives for future PV production Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 will require a significant expansion of PV production capacities, accompanied by a drastic reduction of Ag consumption in solar cell metallization compared to today's standards. We demonstrate the application of new mentalization concepts for high-efficiency c-Si solar cells (TopCon and IBC) based on screen-printed Cu inks and investigate their performance and reliability. This screen-printed approach can serve as a drop-in replacement for Ag inks and drastically reduce Ag consumption and production costs for PV manufacturing. In order to realize lead-free solar cell connections and to facilitate the production of PV modules with temperature-sensitive cell concepts such as silicon perovskite tandems, we are also introducing ECA based cell-cell connections that use minimal amounts of Ag-filled materials.