In an era defined by global supply chain vulnerabilities and an urgent need for environmental sustainability, the manufacturing sector is at a crossroads. Traditional production methods—often rigid, wasteful, and resource-intensive—are being challenged by the demand for "Mass Customization" and rapid prototyping. Digital printing, specifically inkjet technology, has already revolutionized industries like ceramic decoration. Today, its potential spans from watchmaking and medical diagnostics to photovoltaics and aerospace. By enabling precise, nozzle-level control over liquid deposition, inkjet serves as a cornerstone for Industry 4.0, offering a path toward flexible, automated, and waste-minimized production.

Despite this promise, standard inkjet has been restricted by two primary factors: the physical limitations of conventional printheads—specifically fluid viscosity—and low process reliability. Standard piezo-inkjet systems typically require "water-like" viscosities, which limits the use of high-molecular-weight polymers and high-solid-content functional inks necessary for high-performance electronics. Furthermore, the risk of missing or misfiring nozzles remains a critical barrier; in printed electronics, a single failing nozzle can compromise the entire part, leading to prohibitive costs and industrial downtime.

We are entering a new paradigm with the advent of high-viscosity inkjet printheads and advanced sensing technology. Together, these represent a quantum leap in digital deposition.

However, the transition to high-viscosity printing introduces significant technical hurdles. This presentation moves beyond the hype to address the practical "how-to" of high-viscous jetting, including the complexities of formulating and characterizing highly concentrated, non-Newtonian fluids where standard rheology often fails. Additionally, we will address the systemic requirements for high-pressure ink handling—specifically the redesign of degassers, filters, and delivery systems. Finally, we will examine how real-time nozzle status sensing provides the process stability required to make inkjet truly fit for Industry 4.0.

By overcoming these hurdles, we can realize a future where high-performance materials are deposited with the flexibility of digital data, driving a more resilient and sustainable electronics industry.

The masterclass will present the key insights of developing sustainable (printed) electronics of the European research project Sustronics. It will focus on how life-cycle-assessments influenced the development of sustainable materials, processes, circular prototypes and business models. You will learn:
- How the process went in reality and what we learned to improve it.
- Key LCA findings leading to eco-design measures for the prototypes
- How the LCA results influence circular business modelling and which key value creation and capture strategies emerged.

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