Sustainable Roll-to-Roll Printing Foundry for Realizing 4 Things: Internet of Things (IoT), Display of Things (DoT), Vision of Things (VoT), and Care of Things (CoT)

As global climate change and warming have drawn attention to a carbon footprint in ICT, a green foundry for less carbon dioxide emission has been considered especially for manufacturing flexible inexpensive devices with simple functions for edge computing applications. Therefore, a roll-to-roll (R2R) printing-based foundry has been developed as a sustainable high throughput for manufacturing inexpensive and disposable electronic and bioelectronic devices. Here, the R2R gravure printing system will be introduced to show how to manufacture a limitless number of sensor-computer integrated labels for IoT, DoT, VoT, and CoT. Through the R2R printing foundry, displays,processors, wireless modules, and sensors can be all integrated by a continuous in-line printing system by simply changing gravure rolls and electronic inks in the gravure printing system. To demonstrate the concept of the R2R printing foundry, a limitless number of integrated logic gates for developing the label-like IoT, DoT, VoT, and CoT were fabricated via all R2R gravure printing processes with precisely controlled overlay printing registration accuracy, electronic ink transfers, circuit designs, and device passivation. Furthermore, analyzing the hazardous byproducts through the R2R gravure printing-based foundry will be introduced.