Path to Commercializating Roll-to-roll Lightweight Flexible Perovskite Solar Modules.

Since their introduction in 2009, perovskite photovoltaics have rapidly advanced, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 26.7% under standard solar illumination and over 44% under low-intensity indoor lighting. Despite improvements in efficiency, stability, and scalable manufacturing methods, transitioning from lab research to large-scale production remains challenging, with obstacles including scalable deposition techniques and minimizing material waste. A fully scalable roll-to-roll printing process has been developed to produce lightweight, flexible perovskite solar modules, offering high power density in low-light environments and extended lifetimes, particularly suited for IoT applications requiring long-term autonomous operation.